1. HOTSPOT MOVEMENT - Although the Standard Theory says that hotspots extend from a fixed position way down in the mantle, I contend that strong, young hotspots can move … in fact they are imbued with motion by the pressure force of the impact. The article cited in Chapter 4.4 about Western Antarctica also speaks to the strange path of an Antarctic hotspot trail that is not in sync with other hotspot trails on the same continent. This out-of-sync hotspot trail is what I refer to as the antipodal hotspot trail of the Kara impact 70 MYA., a hotspot that I would expect to have its own separate direction of movement. I would point out that the Trinidad hotspot to the east of South South America shows the same lack of congruity with hotspot trails above and below it.

2. HOTSPOT MATERIAL - A study of rocks from mid-ocean ridges and lava from hotspots shows that mid-ocean ridge rocks are formed from lava near the top of the mantle, whereas the lava from hotspots comes from deep in the mantle.

3. MANTLE PLUMES ARE ROBUST - Recent tomography of the Earth shows that mantle plumes are broad, robust and long-lived. These findings are in contrast to previous questions as to whether mantle plumes even exist.

4. AUSTRALIAN HOTSPOT CHAIN - Although I already cite a claim of hotspot volcanoes in Australia, it is nice to see this chain confirmed by another source. My theory sees this chain as the antipodal result of the Chesapeake Bay impact 35 MYA.